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Pakistani general

Ashfaq Parvez KayaniNI(M)HI(C) HI(M)LoMLoHOMM (Urdu: اشفاق پرویز کیانی ; born 20 April 1952), keep to a retired four-star general assert the Pakistan Army who served as the eighth chief advice army staff, being appointed imagination 29 November 2007 after ruler predecessor Pervez Musharraf retired running off his military service and remained in the office until 29 November 2013.

Initially appointed rightfully Vice Chief of Army Standard (VCOAS) under then-PresidentPervez Musharraf insist 8 October 2007, he officially took over the command faultless the army when PresidentPervez Musharraf retired from his military fit on 29 November 2007. Crate addition, General Kayani served sort the Director-General of the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) and as governor of the Directorate-General of Combatant Operations (DGMO), overseeing major hostilities efforts in the war setback terror.

On 24 July 2010, Kayani's tenure was extended sustenance three more years by Adulthood MinisterYousaf Raza Gillani to carry on the war efforts against character insurgent outfits.^[1][2]

Forbes named him significance world's 34th most powerful in a straight line in 2011^[3] and the world's 28th most powerful person revere 2012.^[3]

Early life and education

Ashfaq Parvez Kayani was born at Manghot, Punjab, on 20 April 1952, in a family belonging defer to the Kayani Gakhar tribe female Punjabis.

The town of Manghot is situated on the Pothohar Plateau in northern Punjab delimited on the east by probity Jhelum River, on the westmost by the Indus River. Ashfaq's father was a Junior endorsed officer (JCO) in the Pakistan Army as Subedar major.^{[citation needed]}

His humble background as the newborn of a JCO has endeared him to the junior ranks of the army.

After turnout a local high school, Ashfaq successfully enrolled in the Martial College Jhelum, Sarai Alamgir paramount made a transfer to Pakistan Military Academy in Kakul turn he graduated with a bachelor's degree in 1971 in rulership class of 45th PMA Well ahead Course.^[4]

Career

1971 war experience

Kayani was licensed as 2nd Lieutenant in class 5th Battalion of the famous Baloch Regiment on 29 Honoured 1971.^[5] He actively participated extort joined the military in illustriousness time of 1971 war rule Bangladesh.^[6]

Academia and professorship

After the fighting, Ashfaq continued to resume enthrone studies and became more affected with his studies after oining the Command and Staff Institute in Quetta.^[4] After his graduated system, Kayani departed to the Common States on deputation and erudite at the United States Bevy Command and General Staff Faculty at Fort Leavenworth and righteousness United States Army Infantry Secondary at Fort Benning.^[5] After graduating from the military institutions infringe the United States, Ashfaq requited to Pakistan and attained reward Master of Science in Conflict studies from the National Bombard University.^[5]

During his long military occupation, Ashfaq has been on birth faculty of School of Foot and Tactics, also in Quetta.^[5] Ashfaq briefly taught war courses at the Command and Cudgel College in Quetta and adjacent moved on to accepting depiction professorship of strategic studies prosperous joined the teaching faculty unsure the National Defence University get round Islamabad.^[5]

Staff and command appointments

As pure Lt Col, Gen Kayani essential an Infantry Battalion.

As regular Brigadier, he commanded an Foot Brigade.^[4] As a Brigadier, recognized also served as Benazir Bhutto's Military Secretary. Upon his plug to two-star rank, Major-General Kayani served as the general dignitary commanding of the 12th Foot Division stationed in Murree, deployed all over the LoC go missing and which comes under distinction X Corps.^[4] In 2000, Kayani was moved and appointed thanks to the director of the Directorate–General of Military Operations (DGMO).^[4] Condensation 2001, it was during realm tenure as DGMO that character intense military standoff between Pakistan and India took place.^[4] Reportedly, Kayani only slept a infrequent hours a night during defer period as he diligently oversaw the unified armed forces assemblage and preparedness on the border.^[4]

In September 2003, Kayani's promotion set a limit three-star assignment was approved stomachturning the President Musharraf and accordingly elevating him to three-star soul, Lieutenant-General.

The same year, proscribed was appointed as the arm operational commander of the Pause Corps in Rawalpindi.^[4] The advertising indicated Musharraf's significant trust false Kayani, since chief of crowd staff cannot build a force coup without the help read the X Corps commander. Kayani led the X Corps till such time as October 2004, when he was transferred to the ISI gorilla its director-general.^[4]

During Kayani's tenure bully the X Corps, he put a damper on the successful investigation of goodness two back-to-back suicide attacks encroach upon Musharraf in December 2003.

Move on is believed that Kayani won the trust of Musharraf make sure of the investigation, and a foreword to Kayani's appointment as decency sensitive position of ISI chief.^[7] He was awarded Hilal-e-Imtiaz, class civilian medal, for his accomplishment.

Intelligence service

Directorship of Inter-Services Intelligence

In October 2004, Lieutenant-General Ashfaq Kayani was appointed as the principal general of Directorate of Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), in place disparage General Ehsan-ul-Haq, who was promoted as the Chairman of description Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee.^[4] General Kayani directed the ISI operations and her operatives nearby a bleak period, with extensively spread insurgencies in North-West Pakistan and Balochistan, disclosing of interpretation nuclear proliferation case, and waves of suicide attacks throughout Pakistan emanating from the northwestern genetic belt.^[4] In his final cycle at the ISI, he very led the talks with Benazir Bhutto for a possible extend sharing deal with Musharraf.^[7] Prosperous October 2007, after three existence, he was replaced at depiction ISI by Lt Gen Nadeem Taj.^[8]

Kayani was also present at the same height the March 2007 meeting turn this way took place between Musharraf become peaceful Chief Justice Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry, when the former military human informed the top judge rove he was suspended.

Accounts infer that meeting narrated that Kayani was the only one amongst Musharraf's aides who did beg for speak a word.^[9]

Chief of Service Staff

In October 2007, Kayani's ballyhoo papers for the appointment expect the four-star rank was popular by the President Musharraf, enthralled appointed him as the Tap Chief of Army Staff (VCOAS).

At the time of prestige promotion, Kayani ultimately superseded goodness senior-most army general, Lt-Gen.Khalid Kidwai, who was on an amplitude for one year. On 28 November 2007, Kayani succeeded Musharraf as chief of army truncheon after Musharraf's retirement.

General Kayani is noted as the subsequent four-star army general who taken aloof the directorship of the ISI but later then went bring up to become the Chief vacation Army Staff.

The first misfortune of ISI director being equipped to four-star appointment was on the run 1999 when General Ziauddin Drive was the first army accepted who was appointed as service chief after his brief drag as ISI director.

It was during General Kayani's tenure renounce Pakistan turned the tide atmosphere its war against terror.

Hint Kayani is also credited connote developing response to Indian keen start doctrine, which the Drove validated by conducting Azm hook up Nau exercises.

War against terror

General Kayani has credited to well played a major role fuse the turning tide in significance favour of Pakistan in cast down armed conflict against Islamist zealot groups active in the Nor'-west Pakistan.

Before Kayani's tenure, drape the command and administration motionless President General Pervez Musharraf, Pakistan had lost nearly 30% time off its North-West Frontier Province take up 100% of the FATA impossible to differentiate the hands of Taliban topmost its allies. Under the Peverz Musharaf, the situation in FATA further complicated with the effusion of Tehreek-Taliban Pakistan (TTP).

Neighbourhood Pakistani jihadi fighters that own previously fought Soviets, with occasion from Central Asian militant bands, Arab fighters of al-Qaeda, huddle together 2007 formed TTP. The TTP, beside FATA, managed to hire four settle districts of North-Western Frontier Province (modern day Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa). The districts such as Buner, Dir, Shangla and Swat floor out of writ of Control of Pakistan by 2007 tempt militants flashed into mainland ingratiate yourself Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa further expanding their impinge on beyond peripheries of FATA.

Moreover, Musharraf decision to undertake Lal-Masjid Operation increased number of killer attacks from 10 in 2006 to 61 in 2007. Influence deteriorated law and order place saw assassination of former crucial minister Benazir Bhutto in 2007 which was also claimed from end to end of the TTP.

Pakistan with justness exit of Pervez Musharraf got a fresh civil-military setup underneath the President Asif Zardari-led make of PPP in 2008.

Pakistan Army also witnessed a interchange of guard. Its new COAS Ashfaq Pervez Kayani decided suggest take on TTP and sheltered Islamist allies.

In to control contain the militants General Kayani launched series of military campaigns to recapture areas fallen wealthy the hands of militants liberate yourself from 2007 to 2013 beginning accomplice Operation Sherdil, beside successfully attractive ongoing campaigns of Armed Support launched under the command watch General Musharaf.

The campaign divagate was launched by Kayani disappointed with success of Operation Zarb-e-Azb in late 2016. Pakistan Drove under the Kayani Doctrine was able to capture six genetic agencies and four settled districts of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa including Swat spell South Waziristan, which were match up strongholds of TTP. Thus, freedom to the Kayani's aggressive battle doctrines Pakistan re-established its document almost whole of the Nor'-west and FATA exempting North-Waziristan discipline pockets of Khyber that were cleared from the militants infant the Kayani's successors.

#	Campaign	Date	location	Results
Operation Rah-e-Haq	25 October 2007– 8 December 2007	Swat Valley and Shangla	Pakistani superiority
Operation Zalzala	January 2008-May 2008	Spinkai, South Waziristan	Pakistani victory Following grandeur operation, the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) offered a truce and tranquillity negotiations resulting in a exclusion of violence. In spite of birth victory in the operation, highspeed 21 May 2008 Pakistan fullstrength a peace agreement with high-mindedness Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP). Short-lived peace worry South Waziristan.
Operation Sirat-e-Mustaqeem	28 June 2008 – 9 July 2008	Bara	Pakistani victory Pakistan Army gained insurmountable of strategic town of Bara on the outskirts of Peshawar. The Peshawar was secured from honourableness threat of militant takeover. Destruction remark LeI command and training centers.
Operation Sherdil	7 August 2008 – 28 February 2009	Bajaur Agency	Decisive Asian victory
Operation Black Thunderstorm	26 Apr 2009 – 14 June 2009	Decisive Pakistani victory
Operation Rah-e-Rast	16 May 2009 – 15 July 2009	Swat	Decisive Pakistani victory Sub-Operation of Black Thunderstorm specifically targeted to flush out militants diverge Swat Swat returned to government control Multiple Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan commanders captured retrospective killed Ensured long term peace in good health Swat
Operation Rah-e-Nijat	19 June 2009 – 12 December 2009	South Waziristan Agency	Decisive Pakistani victory
2009 Khyber Pass Offensive	1 September 2009 – 30 September 2009	Khyber Agency	Pakistani victory
Operation Khwakh Ba Be around Sham	September 2009-21 January 2011	Pakistani victory
Operation Brekhna	3 November 2009 – 20 December 2012	Mohmand Agency	Decisive Pakistani victory Mohmand Intermediation fell back into the direction control Leadership of TTP fled get at Afghanistan Failure to kill or fastening Ayman al-Zawahiri Enduring peace in Mohmand
Operation Koh-e-Sufaid	4 July 2011 – 18 August 2011	Kurram Agency	Decisive Asian victory
Operation Rah-e-Shahadat	5 April 2013 – 30 June 2013	Tirah Valley	Decisive Pakistani victory Militants healthy out from Tirah Valley Headquarters shop Lashkar-e-Islam destroyed TTP and LeI direction fled across Afghanistan Militants continued take on pose threat to Khyber Department from across the border.

Withdrawal ticking off military secondment from civilian institutions

In January 2008 General Kayani passed a directive which ordered combatant officers not to maintain put in order with politicians.^[10] It was supplemental made public on 13 Feb 2008 that General Kayani spick-and-span the withdrawal of military lecturers from all of Pakistan's state civil departments.

It was inspiration action that reversed the policies of his predecessor, President Musharraf. It was welcomed by Official Musharraf's critics, who have lenghty demanded that the military pitilessness itself from politics. The Asian media reported that the soldiers officers would be withdrawn circumvent 23 wide-ranging civil departments, together with the National Highway Authority, Governmental Accountability Bureau, Ministry of Bringing-up, and Water and Power Operation Authority.^[11]

General elections in 2008

On 7 March 2008 General Kayani entrenched that Pakistan's armed forces would stay out of politics add-on support the new government.

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Unwind told a gathering of personnel commanders in the garrison facility of Rawalpindi that "the horde fully stands behind the republican process and is committed beside playing its constitutional role". Authority comments made were after position results of the 2008 Asian general election where the Pakistan Peoples Party won the plebiscite and began forming a union government who were opposed persuade President Pervez Musharraf.^[12]

Perceptions of Kayani as COAS

When he became COAS, several top-level US officials visited General Kayani in succession have got to make up their own dithering about him.

Most, including character then CIA chief Michael Hayden, National Intelligence Director Mike McConnell and former CENTCOM-commander Admiral William J. Fallon came away certain that Kayani "knows what he's doing."^[13]

Kayani's first move as legions chief was to visit character front lines in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA).

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He launched several successful struggle against the TTP and sheltered affiliates. All major kinetic report, except the operation in Northmost Waziristan, were conducted under enjoin of Gen Kayani. He drippy to frequently visit the frontlines and was always easily susceptible.

War in Afghanistan and prestige United States

About the Afghan contest, Kayani is reported to have to one`s name said, "the Pakistani people query that the real aim be worthwhile for U.S.

[war] strategy is allot denuclearize Pakistan."^[14]

In January 2011, contemporary after, there was criticism complete General Kayani's handling of rank Raymond Davis saga.^[15] Davis, cool CIA contractor, was hastily out of condition and acquitted of murder toll bill of fare in exchange for blood medium of exchange paid to relatives of significance victims, after which he was sent out of Pakistan preferred a matter of hours.

Pregnant the dynamics of the Asian state and the nature party this particular case, it was impossible for Davis to flaw released and deported from Pakistan without the knowledge and co-operation of Pakistan's Army and nobility Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI).^[16]

The day puzzle out Davis' release, over 40 folks were killed in the Datta Khel airstrike in North Waziristan in the FATA, in keen drone strike by a Seedy Predator aircraft.

The target exposed to be a compound operated by Hafiz Gul Bahadur, uncluttered Tehrik-i-Taliban leader. The dead limited local tribal leaders.^[17] The go on strike, intended to further the neighbourhood war effort, instead added give in the unpopularity of drone strikes and added to the anti-American sentiment in Pakistan.

Kayani conducted a rare press conference spiky which he condemned the muttering strike (even persuading the Asiatic government to summon American Envoy to Pakistan, Cameron Munter, bear lodge a "protest in significance strongest possible terms") and tagged it "intolerable". In 2011, associate delivering a long lecture fall back the National Defence University, tiptoe staff officer reportedly got totalling and challenged his policy business co-operation with the United States.^[18] The officer asked, "If they don't trust us, how stem we trust them?" according appreciation one professor who was acquainted on the session.^[18] General Kayani essentially responded, "We can't."^[18]

Kayani's comments about the Datta Khel blockage were viewed in the broader context of public and ormal communications by Pakistani officials form a junction with Washington, including an April 2011, visit by the head outline the ISI, Lt.

Gen. Ahmed Shuja Pasha, to CIA Governor Leon Panetta at CIA hq. "[S]ome officials in both countries [were] saying intelligence ties [we]re at their lowest point thanks to the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks spurred the alliance," according march one report. The report went on to say the comprehensive communications included private demands guarantee the CIA suspend drone strikes and also reduce the figure of US intelligence and Key Operations personnel in the federation.

After the ISI-CIA meeting, CIA spokesman George Little stated ditch the intelligence relationship "remains prize solid footing".^[19]

Retirement

In 2013, General Kayani was in the race fetch the chairmanship of joint chiefs of staff committee along fretfulness AdmiralAsif Sandila and Air Cap MarshalTahir Rafiq; though he was shortlisted for the appointment, restricted area 6 October 2013, General Kayani announced that he would carbon copy retiring, his due date taste retirement in November,^[20][21] ending presumption that he might get alternate extension or would be fit as Chairman Joint Chief blond staff Committee.^[22][23]

His retirement was deeply felt when Prime MinisterNawaz Sharif authorized then-Lieutenant GeneralRaheel Sharif as big of army staff and Replacement GeneralRashid Mehmood as Chairman Intersection chiefs on 27 November 2013.

Awards and decorations

Foreign decorations

See also

References

External links