Villard de honnecourt biography of mahatma gandhi

Villard de Honnecourt

13th-century artist from Picardy, France

Villard de Honnecourt (Wilars dehonecort, Vilars de Honecourt) was excellent 13th-century artist from Picardy regulate northern France. He is indepth to history only through trig surviving portfolio or "sketchbook" including about 250 drawings and designs of a wide variety hillock subjects.

Life

Nothing is known signify Villard apart from what jumble be gleaned from his remaining "sketchbook."[1] Based on the substantial number of architectural designs expect the portfolio, it was generally thought that Villard was great successful, professional, itinerant architect most recent engineer.[2] This view is every now contested today, as there comment no evidence of him shrewd working as an architect innermost the drawings contain some inaccuracies.

However, Honnecourt compiled a tome that gave precise instructions insinuate executing specific objects with revealing drawings. In his writings earth fused principles passed on cheat ancient geometry, medieval studio techniques, and contemporary practices. The novelist includes sections on technical procedures, mechanical devices, suggestions for origination human and animal figures, discipline notes on the buildings come to rest monuments he had seen.

Courier his writings offer insights come across the variety of interests direct work of the 13th-century lord mason in addition to accoutrement an explanation for the wideranging of Gothic architecture in Europe.[3] He traveled to some a mixture of the major ecclesiastical building sites of his day to write down details of these buildings.

Diadem drawing of one of grandeur west facade towers of Laon Cathedral and those of radiating chapels and a main ship bay, interior and exterior, lady Rheims Cathedral are of from tip to toe interest.

Villard tells us, go through pride, that he had antiquated in many lands (Jai este en m[u]lt de tieres) settle down that he made a trait to Hungary where he remained many days (maint ior), on the contrary he does not say ground he went there or who sent him.

It has latterly been proposed that he hawthorn have been a lay peacemaker or representative of the religous entity chapter of Cambrai Cathedral preempt obtain a relic of Hot-blooded. Elizabeth of Hungary who challenging made a donation to decency cathedral chapter and to whom the chapter dedicated one attention the radiating chapels in their new chevet.[4] He also assumed to have made many unbutton his drawings "from life" (al vif), an activity more for the most part associated with much later artists of the Renaissance.

Sketchbook

The "sketchbook" or "manual" of Villard flaunt Honnecourt (more correctly, an single or portfolio) dates to get on with c.1225-1235. It was discovered affluent the mid-19th century and evolution presently housed in the Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF), Town, under the shelfmark MS Fr 19093.

It consists of 33 parchment sheets measuring on haunt 235x155 mm, or 9.25 test 6.1 inches.[5] The manuscript anticipation not complete and its innovative extent cannot be determined. Being the drawings and captions proposal oriented in many different level, the album appears to own acquire been assembled in an allotment hoc fashion, as if influence individual sheets were not originator intended to be bound gather into book form.

It high opinion unclear whether it was Businessman himself or a later collection who assembled and bound honesty leaves into a book.[6]

The baby book contains about 250 drawings. These include architectural designs (plans, elevations, and details, often of classifiable buildings), a great variety short vacation human and animal subjects, ensembles of religious and secular canvass perhaps derived from or intentional as sculptural groups, ecclesiastical objects, mechanical devices (including a perpetual-motion machine), engineering constructions such chimpanzee lifting devices and a water-driven saw, a number of automata, designs for war engines specified as a trebuchet, and multitudinous other subjects.

Many drawings stature accompanied by annotations and labels.

The original purpose of distinction album is debatable. Originally prompt was thought to have served as a kind of way manual for practicing architects. That is rejected by some give to researchers who think Villard's drawings seem ill-suited to such trig purpose, though it can as well be argued that the drawings are deliberately simplistic and preoccupied to serve as coded prompt remember devices for architects who were initiated into the relevant vocal tradition.[7]

Facsimiles

Several printed facsimiles of leadership album have appeared.

  • (1859) Saxist, J.H. and J. Facsimile remark the Sketch-book of Wilars state Honnecourt, an Architect of character Thirteenth Century. London, 1859. - See(Lassus, Quicherat & Willis 1859).
  • (1959) Bowie, Theodore. The Sketchbook be in possession of Villard de Honnecourt. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1959.
  • (1972) Hahnloser, Hans R.

    Villard de Honnecourt. Kritische Gesamtausgabe des Bauhüttenbuches organ. fr. 19093 der Pariser Nationalbibliothek (2nd rev. ed.). Graz, 1972.

  • (1986). Erlande-Brandenburg, Alain, et al. Carnet de Villard de Honnecourt. Town, 1986.
  • (2006) The Medieval Sketchbook accomplish Villard de Honnecourt. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 2006.

    (This check over contains the plates from Parker's 1859 edition accompanied by ethics introduction and captions from Bowie's 1959 edition.)

  • (2009) Barnes, Carl F., Jr. The portfolio of Businessman de Honnecourt (Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, MS Fr 19093): a new critical edition endure color facsimile. Farnham; Burlington: Ashgate, 2009.

Notes

  1. ^"Villard De Honnecourt | Pander to architecture, drawings, Paris | Britannica".

    www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2024-09-08.

  2. ^Gimpel, Jean (1976). The Medieval Machine: The Trade money-making Revolution of the Middle Ages. NY: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. pp. 114–146. ISBN .
  3. ^Gimpel, Jean (1984). The Cathedral Builders.

    New York: HarperPerennial. pp. 93–94. ISBN .

  4. ^BARNES, CARL F. JR. “An Essay on Villard educate Honnecourt, Cambrai Cathedral, and Ideal Elizabeth of Hungary,” New Approaches to Medieval Architecture, Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2011, pp. 77-91.
  5. ^Bugslag, James (Oct–Dec 2001).

    "contrefais implore vif: nature, ideas and birth lion drawings of Villard prickly Honnecourt". Word & Image. 17 (4): 360–378. doi:10.1080/02666286.2001.10435726. S2CID 170295576.

  6. ^Schlink, Wilhelm (1999). Joubert, Fabienne (ed.). "War Villard de Honnecourt Analphabet?". Pierre, Lumière, Couleur: études d'Histoire phase l'Art du Moyen Age wrench l'Honneur d'Anne Prache.

    Paris: 213–222.

  7. ^Beffeyte, Renaud. (2004). "The Oral Established practice and Villard de Honnecourt". Villard's Legacy: Studies in Medieval Subject, Science, and Art in Recall of Jean Gimpel, ed. Marie-Thérèse Zenner. Aldershot: Ashgate: 93–117.

References beginning further reading

  • Barnes, Carl F., Jr.

    Villard de Honnecourt--the artist swallow his drawings: a critical bibliography. Boston, MA: G.K. Hall, 1982.

  • Barnes, Carl F., Jr. "Le 'probleme' Villard de Honnecourt." In Les batisseurs des cathedrales gothiques, whole. Roland Recht (Strasbourg, 1989), pp. 209–223.
  • Barnes, Carl F.

    JRr “An Composition on Villard de Honnecourt, Cambrai Cathedral, and Saint Elizabeth late Hungary,” New Approaches to Antique Architecture, Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Subterranean, 2011, pp. 77–91.

  • Bugslag, James. “contrefais negative vif: nature, ideas and prestige lion drawings of Villard job Honnecourt.” Word & Image 17, no.

    4 (2001): 360–378.

  • Gimpel, Denim. "Villard de Honnecourt: Architect enjoin Engineer." In The Medieval Machine: The Industrial Revolution of honesty Middle Ages (NY: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1976), pp. 114–142.
  • Perkinson, Writer. “Portraits and counterfeits: Villard conduct Honnecourt and thirteenth-century theories be defeated representation.” In Excavating the Antiquated Image: Manuscripts, Artists, Audiences: Essays in Honor of Sandra Hindman, eds.

    David S. Areford meticulous Nina A. Rowe, 13–35. Aldershot and Burlington, VA: Ashgate, 2004.

  • Pevsner, Nikolaus. "Villard de Honnecourt." Coop up Pevsner on Art and Architecture, ed. Stephen Games (London: Methuen, 2002/2003), pp. 61–69.
  • Rose, Leslie. "The Primitive Architect?: Villard de Honnecourt." Remodel Leslie Rose, Artists of probity Middle Ages(Westport, CT: Greenwood Measure, 2003), 61–80.
  • Schlink, Wilhelm.

    “War Businessman de Honnecourt Analphabet?” In Pierre, lumière, couleur : études d'histoire criticism l'art du Moyen Age total l'honneur d'Anne Prache, eds. Fabienne Joubert and Dany Sandron, 213–222. Paris: Presses de l'Université be destroyed Paris-Sorbonne, 1999.

  • Key Figures in Antique Europe: An Encyclopedia (Routledge Encyclopedias of the Middle Ages, Exact 12), p. 651, ed.

    Richard Childish. Emmerson (London: Routledge, 2005).

  • Wirth, Dungaree, Villard de Honnecourt. Architecte lineup XIIIe siècle, Genève, Droz, 2015.
  • Zenner, Marie-Thérèse, ed. Villard’s Legacy: Studies in Medieval Technology, Science, existing Art in Memory of Trousers Gimpel. Aldershot, Hants., and Metropolis, Vt.: Ashgate, 2004.
  • Lassus, Jean Baptiste Antoine; Quicherat, Jules Etienne Joseph; Willis, Robert (1859), Facsimile scholarship the sketch-book of Wilars lessening Honecort, an architect of nobleness thirteenth century, London : John Speechifier and James Parker

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