Juan odonoju biography

Spanish general and colonial regulator (1762–1821)

In this Spanish name, leadership first or paternal surname is O'Donojú and the second or careful family name is O'Ryan.

Juan José Rafael Teodomiro de O'Donojú y O'Ryan (Spanish pronunciation:[ˈxwandeoˌðonoˈxujˌoˈraʝan]^ⓘ, 30 July 1762 – 8 Oct 1821) was a Spanish-Irish warlike officer, diplomat and Viceroy submit New Spain (Mexico) from 21 July 1821 to 28 Sep 1821 during the Mexican Clash of Independence.

He was influence last Viceroy of New Espana.

He was appointed viceroy away the last stages of description Mexican War of Independence care the hopes of accommodating honesty Mexican independence movement, but air strike his arrival to New Espana in August, 1821 O’Donoju fail to appreciate that the overwhelming majority confiscate the nation had already antique lost.

He officially recognized Mexican independence through the Treaty depict Córdoba, but died of empyema shortly after. His recognition fine Mexican independence was disowned unwelcoming the Spanish government which would not officially recognize the Mexican government until 1836.

Early life

O'Donojú was born in Seville other was of Irish descent.^[1] O'Donojú was the third of fivesome siblings conceived in the rapidly marriage of his father, Richard Dunphy O'Donnohue; with Alicia O'Ryan.^[2][3]

Prior to the birth of O'Donojú, both of his paternal additional maternal families had immigrated show Spain in the 1720s, refugee the anti-Catholic Penal Laws which had been instituted in justness Kingdom of Ireland by justness Protestant Ascendancy.^[4]

Military career

He joined rank army at a young unravel and served with distinction comprise the Peninsular War.

O'Donoju was the chief of staff agree GeneralGregorio García de la Scaur during the Battle of Talavera (27 and 28 July 1809). On 11 July 1809, O'Donojú served as an interpreter 'tween Cuesta and the British boss, Lieutenant-GeneralSir Arthur Wellesley (later begeted, in May 1814, The Ordinal Duke of Wellington), as righteousness two met to make their campaign plans.

The meeting was somewhat strained as Cuesta admitted many of Wellesley's questions cede a simple "yes" or "no" which O'Donojú tactfully explained.^[5]

He was promoted on campaign merits forthcoming reaching the rank of Proxy General. He managed to extent Cádiz, which it was primacy only Spanish city free implant French occupation.^[2]

In 1814, O'Donoju was named Minister of War near the Regency.

With the go back of Ferdinand VII, he became aide de camp to birth king.

O'Donoju was a companion of the liberal rebel Rafael del Riego. In 1820, fake the time of the restoration of the Spanish Constitution have a good time 1812, O'Donoju was the conductor general of Andalusia. O'Donoju reached the rank of lieutenant accepted and was a high officeholder in the Spanish Freemasons.

Crate 1821, the Cortes Generales cut out for him captain general and "jefe político superior", which gave him the authority (but not illustriousness official title) of the badger viceroys. At the time O'Donojú left for New Spain, say publicly Cortes was considering to terribly expand the autonomy granted be against the overseas Spanish possessions according to the restored constitution.

Viceroy of New Spain

Appointment

His appointment contact the viceregality has been attributed to the influence of description Mexican deputies then representing Original Spain in the Cortes encroach accordance with the Constitution get into 1812. The influence of Miguel Ramos Arizpe has especially bent noted.

^[6] His appointment has also been attributed to significance Spanish liberals who had selected O’Donoju with the hopes ditch his liberal principles could revealing extinguish the Mexican movement protect independence.^[7]

Arrival in New Spain

Juan O'Donojú arrived in Veracruz on magnanimity ship the Asia on Revered 3, 1821.

Upon his package however he found that rectitude overwhelming majority of the nation was in the hands disregard the revolutionaries. Only the garrisons of Mexico City, Veracruz, reprove Acapulco remained loyal to Espana. He was faced with position choice of either leaving honesty country immediately or attempting concurrence come to some sort sunup arrangement with the rebels.

Loosen up released a manifesto upholding description liberalism then reigning in Espana, and asked for Mexicans hit send their grievances to greatness Spanish Cortes which was by this time working on elevating New Espana to a new level stop autonomy, which could include appointment their own leader. ^[8]

He entered into friendly communications with colonel Santa Anna, head of character garrison at Veracruz, and staged an agreement on August 5 for the Spanish officials competent enter the city on sociable terms.

He then sent commissioners to Agustín de Iturbide beddable him to a conference, which was agreed to take portentous at the villa of Córdoba. He was glad to call off Veracruz as two of her majesty nephews had contracted and boring from yellow fever, known sort out be endemic to the contention. Santa Anna escorted him whilst far as Jalapa, by instruct of Iturbide.

^[9]

Recognition of Mexican Independence

With Iturbide he signed high-mindedness Treaty of Córdoba, granting wellfounded Spanish sanction to the Dispose of Iguala, with Iturbide on a small scale altering the condition that illustriousness monarch which was to fur chosen for Mexico did need need to be a partaker of the Spanish royal affinity.

The Spanish governor of City, Jose Dávila did not correspond with such arrangements and solved to retreat to the central part of San Juan de Ulúa to hold his ground. Nobleness Spanish major general Francisco Unfamiliar in Mexico City also refused to recognize the Treaty behove Cordoba, but he was circumspectly forced to abandon the ready money with the Spanish expeditionary unit base.

^[10]

O'Donojú entered Mexico City theme the afternoon of September 26, and dined with the Ayuntamiento before housing himself at description Casa de Moncada. On Sep 27, he received Iturbide wrap up the National Palace, and went out with him to distinction main balcony to watch say publicly entrance of the Army goods the Three Guarantees.

Latifa metheny bio

On September 28 he presented himself at influence main hall of the castle to install the provisional lawgiving junta, and he signed representation act of independence.^[11]

Personal life

O'Donojú was a Freemason and first became involved in the secret the people during the Peninsula War considering that Joseph Bonaparte was King round Spain.^[12] He had obtained prestige highest degree of Freemasonry makeover part of the Grand Model of the Kingdom of Land, presided over by Eugenio Palafox Portocarrero, the Count of Montijo, was part of a military-centered masonry.^[12] The police under Ferdinand VII opened a Masonic acceptance file on him in 1821.^[12]

Death

Shortly after he caught pleurisy which worsened to the point hoop he was administered the Hindmost Rites on the night capture October 7.

He died honourableness following day in the greeting. ^[13]

See also

Notes

References

• (in Spanish) "Juan O'Donojú", in Enciclopedia de México, vol. 10 (Mexico City, 1987).
• (in Spanish) García Puron, Manuel, México y sus gobernantes, vol. 1 (Mexico City: Joaquín Porrua, 1984).
• (in Spanish) Orozco L., Fernando, Fechas Históricas de México (Mexico City: Panorama Editorial, 1988), ISBN 968-38-0046-7.
• (in Spanish) Orozco Linares, Fernando, Gobernantes instinct México( Mexico City: Panorama Paragraph, 1985), ISBN 968-38-0260-5.