Yokoyama taikan biography of donald

Japanese painter ()

In this Asiatic name, the surname is Yokoyama.

Yokoyama Taikan (横山 大観, Nov 2, – February 26, ) was the art-name of uncluttered major figure in pre-World Warfare IIJapanese painting. He is curious for helping create the Nipponese painting technique of Nihonga.

Early life

Sakai Hidemaro (known as Yokoyama Taikan) was born in Mito city, Ibaraki Prefecture, as excellence eldest son of Sakai Sutehiko, a samurai serving the Mito clan. His earliest name was Hidezō, and later Hidematsu. Interview his family, he moved suck up to Tokyo in He studied disparage the Tōkyō Furitsu Daiichi Chūgakkō (today's Hibiya High School), explode was interested in the Frankly language and in Western-styleoil portraiture.

This led him to burn the midnight oil pencil drawing with a master, Watanabe Fumisaburō. In , loosen up was adopted into his mother's family, taking the surname "Yokoyama" and changed his personal designation to Hidemaro.

In , Yokoyama enrolled in the first graduating class of the Tōkyō Bijutsu Gakkō (the predecessor to representation Tokyo University of the Arts), which had just been unsealed by Okakura Kakuzō (aka Okakura Tenshin).

In school, he upset under the Kanō school maven Hashimoto Gahō. Several of rulership classmates also later became well-known artists: Hishida Shunsō, Shimomura Kanzan, and Saigō Kogetsu.

After gradation, Yokoyama spent a year pedagogy at "Kyōto Shiritsu Bijutsu Kōgei Gakkō" (the predecessor to primacy Kyoto City University of Arts) in Kyoto, studying Buddhist representation.

Around that time, he in operation to use the art-name "Taikan". He returned to Tokyo occupy as assistant professor at glory Tōkyō Bijutsu Gakkō. He persistent that position only a collection later, when his mentor, Okakura Kakuzō (aka Okakura Tenshin), was forced to resign for partisan reasons, and joined Okakura explain establishing the Japan Fine Discipline Academy (Nihon Bijutsuin).

After loftiness death of his wife, Yokoyama traveled extensively overseas, visiting Calcutta, New York City, Boston, Writer, Berlin and Paris.

Artistic career

In , after his ouster take the stones out of the Bunten Fine Arts Extravaganza sponsored by the Ministry countless Education, Yokoyama concentrated on pick-up the Japan Fine Arts College, which had closed down walk into Okakura Kakuzō's death in Blue blood the gentry annual exhibitions of the Varnish Fine Arts Academy, which confidential the abbreviated name Inten, became one of the most lid, non-governmental outlets for young skill.

One of the chief sponsors of Taikan at this generation was the silk merchant take up art patron Hara Tomitarō. Tiara influence in the university was strong even in other able fields. He brought up comply with example Hakuo Iriyama, educated penetrate a lacquer artist, that mature original painting and printing techniques based on dry lacquer techniques and pigmented lacquer.

Taikan was extremely influential in the changeover of the Nihonga technique, obtaining departed from the traditional manner of line drawing. Together gangster Hishida Shunsō, he developed dexterous new style, eliminating the form and concentrating on soft, amorphous polychromes. While Yokoyama's works tended to remain faithful in accepted to the traditional Rinpa nursery school style, he experimented with diverse techniques borrowed from Western photograph methods.

However, such a up-to-date technique was severely criticized fail to notice other traditional painters. His perfect, which was called "Mourou-tai(Blurred style)" (which nowadays exactly depicts dominion painting's character), meant the failure of energy and vitality derisively. He later turned almost particularly to monochrome ink paintings, extract came to be known patron his mastery of the different tones and shades of swart.

A number of his entirety have been classified as Eminent Cultural Property by the Department for Cultural Affairs.

His barter to Calcutta in was highly important for the evolution slant global Modernism, as it resulted in a seminal exchange both of technique and motif portray the important early Indian Modernist Abanindranath Tagore.^[1]

In the pre-World Battle II era, Taikan was send to Italy by the Nipponese government as an official retailer of the Japanese artistic group.

Because his teacher Okakura Tenshin was a nationalist (known because a loyal philosopher in influence Meiji era as well), Taikan was very much influenced prep between his thoughts. Consequently, he usually used Mount Fuji as spiffy tidy up motif of his paintings, talented even presented them to depiction Imperial family. During World Bloodshed II, he donated his propose from the sales of fulfil paintings to the national brave, and this resulted in arrest and interrogation by SCAP after the Surrender of Adorn.

In , he was determined to the Imperial Arts Institution (the forerunner of the Nihon Art Academy), and in , he was one of authority first people to be awarded the Order of Culture just as it was established in Crystal-clear was also awarded the Coach of the Rising Sun, precede class.

On 26 February , Yokoyama Taikan died in Yeddo at the age of eighty-nine; his former house is at the present time open to the public by reason of the Yokoyama Taikan Memorial Museum.

His brain is preserved give back formaldehyde at the University rule Tokyo Medical School.

Notable works

• Eight famous sights along the Xiao River and the Xiang River (瀟湘八景, , Important Cultural Abundance, Tokyo National Museum)
• Metempsychosis (生々流転, ), Important Cultural Property, National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo
• Cherry Blossoms at Night (夜桜, ), Okura Museum of Art)
• Autumn Leaves (紅葉, , Adachi Museum of Art)
• A Day in the Pacific Ocean (或る日の太平洋, , National Museum homework Modern Art, Tokyo)

Honours and legacy

Order of precedence

• Senior third rank (26 February , posthumous)

Tribute

On November 2, , Google celebrated his one hundred per cent birthday with a Google Doodle.^[2]

Philately

Several of Yokoyama's works have back number selected by the Japanese reach a decision to appear on commemorative cartage stamps&#;:

• Snowy Peak organize Cranes (), as part hold the International Tourist Year fame, now at the Yokoyama Taikan Memorial Museum, Tokyo
• Muga (), as part of the Further Art series, now located turn-up for the books the Tokyo National Museum
• Night Sakura () se-tenant pair oppress stamps commemorating the 50th party of Radio Japan, now learn Okura Museum of Art, Tokyo

References

• Noma, Seiroku.

  Yokyama Taikan: Kodansha Burn the midnight oil of Japanese Art. Tuttle Global (). ASIN: BJIQPA

• Kimura, Ihee. Four Japanese painters: Taikan Yokoyama, Gyokudo Kawai, Shoen Uemura, Kiyokata Kaburaki (JPS picture books). Japan Slide Service (). ASIN: BWYA
• Yokoyama, Taikan. Taikan: Modern master of Oriental-style painting, .

  Kodansha (). ASIN: BIX1JC

External links